The Development and Application Research of a Virtual-Real Integration Training System for Automotive Engine Structure Based on 3D Printing and Unity3D

Traditional automotive engine experimental teaching models are often constrained by factors such as high equipment costs, operational risks, and difficulties in visually demonstrating internal structures and abstract working principles, making it challenging for students to deeply understand and master key knowledge and skills. To address these issues, this paper develops a virtual-physical integrated training system based on 3D printing and Unity3D. Leveraging the technical advantages of 3D printing—low cost, customizability, and rapid implementation—a physical demonstration model of an automotive engine was constructed. Combined with a virtual simulation training system built in Unity3D, a “virtual-physical complementary” experimental teaching framework was established. Using TCP-based Socket network communication, a control system was developed to connect the PLC, virtual system, and physical engine model, enabling real-time bidirectional closed-loop transmission of virtual-physical commands and status data (response delay <1s) and resolving the data disconnection issue in virtual-physical interaction. Teaching practice shows that students are highly satisfied with the system, considering it highly practical and innovative. The research results provide an efficient and low-cost solution for virtual-physical integrated training in engineering education, with significant potential for broader application.