The Development and Application Research of a Virtual-Real Integration Training System for Automotive Engine Structure Based on 3D Printing and Unity

Traditional automotive engine experimental teaching models are often constrained by factors such as high equipment costs, high operational risks, and difficulties in visually demonstrating internal structures and abstract working principles, making it challenging for students to deeply understand and master key knowledge and skills. To address these issues, this paper develops a virtual-real integrated training system based on 3D printing and Unity. Leveraging the technical advantages of 3D printing—low cost, customizability, and rapid implementation—a physical demonstration model of an automotive engine is constructed. Combined with a virtual simulation training system built using Unity, a “virtual-real complementary” experimental teaching framework is established. Using TCP-based Socket network communication, a control system is developed to connect the PLC, virtual system, and physical engine model, enabling real-time bidirectional closed-loop transmission of virtual-real commands and status data (response delay < 1 s) and resolving the data disconnection issue in virtual-real interaction. Teaching practice shows that students are highly satisfied with the system, recognizing it as highly practical and innovative. The research results provide an efficient and low-cost solution for virtual-real integrated training in engineering education, with significant potential for broader application.