Abstract: Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging pollutant, have the characteristics of small size, difficulty degradation, and persistence. Moreover, their surface properties are easily affected by environmental conditions, making them a vane for the migration of other pollutants in the environment, causing potential ecological and environmental risks. Taking Nanhu Lake in Wuhan as an example, the sediment samples on the shore of Nanhu Lake are collected through systematic point setting. The abundance, morphology, color, and composition of microplastics in sediments are identified by optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the main sources of microplastics are analyzed. Taking microplastic as the experimental object, the designed experiment integrates basic teaching and scientific research hotspots, making it be comprehensive, applicable and exploratory. The study is conducive to cultivating students’ innovative and practical ability and scientific research literacy.