Abstract: For the requirements of optical stability and biocompatibility of bioimaging probe, a comprehensive experiment on the synthesis, characterization and biological imaging performance of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) was designed. Firstly, N-CDs was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal approach using yam powder and ethylenediamine as raw material. Then, the morphology, structure and and optical property of N-CDs were characterized and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X ray photoelectron spectrometry (XRP), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometry, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrometry. Moreover, the biocompatibility and bioimaging performance of N-CDs in vivo and in vitro were investigated by cytotoxicity, cell imaging and zebrafish imaging analysis. The experiment involved integrated contents such as the novel materials preparation, structural characterization, biocompatibility evaluation and bioimaging, which exhibited the complete process of scientific research. Through the experiment, it is helpful to cultivate students’ basic scientific thinking and improve students’ practical innovation ability.