Abstract: The establishment of the strategic goals of “Carbon Peaking” and “Carbon Neutrality” has provided a new direction for the reform of professional talent cultivation in higher education. The specialized experimental teaching system for the Resource Recycling Science and Engineering major plays a crucial role in cultivating application-oriented talents to achieve the “dual carbon” goals. This study investigates the challenges facing the specialized experimental teaching system under the “dual carbon” background, explores the directions and pathways for its reform, and constructs a new framework for this system centered on the efficient utilization of biomass. It aims to provide both theoretical and practical references for the specialized experimental teaching system of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, facilitating its adaptation to the “dual carbon” strategic goals.