Abstract: As a critical analytical instrument for characterizing the microstructural morphology and composition of materials, scanning electron microscope (SEM) exhibits significant technical advantages and broad applications. Starting from the current SEM teaching situation and research on teaching strategies, this paper deeply analyzes the root causes such as high operational cost, high technical threshold, inadequate practical training adaptability, and inefficient shared-resource management, providing insights for the SEM teaching and operational training. Taking the SEM teaching and training program based on microstructural analysis of 304 stainless steel as an example, the paper integrates fundamental theory with practical training through systematic and comprehensive content design, and proposes a multi-level SEM experimental teaching approach that emphasizes demand orientation, enhanced guidance and active innovation. This approach will facilitate the integration of large, expensive and high-precision instruments into university courses and scientific research activities.