Abstract: To better address the new challenges posed by intelligent driving, autonomous driving, and vehicle-infrastructure collaboration technology to human factors research in traffic safety, this paper constructs a distributed collaborative dual-mode simulation experimental platform for traffic safety. This platform supports six-degree-of-freedom simulation driving of real vehicles and collaborative driving of multiple vehicle subsystems, with a mixed reality dual-mode visual system, which can better support the experimental teaching in traffic human factors safety. A series of experimental projects have been developed based on this platform. This paper focuses on the driver mental workload evaluation experiment based on collaborative driving and the weather impact on the driver mental workload characterized by steering wheel angle entropy. The content, objectives, and evaluation methods of experimental teaching reflect the principle of being advanced, innovative and challenging, improving students’ ability to solve complex engineering problems, and effectively promoting the achievement of course training objectives and the improvement of teaching quality.