Abstract: To address the key issues in experimental teaching, such as the overemphasis on skills at the expense of thinking and the disconnection between theory and practice, this study proposes the PROS four-dimensional progressive model. This model integrates four dimensions—Problem-driven, Root-tracing Inquiry, Open-designing, and Summary-extension—to construct a progressive teaching system. Taking the “Strain Gauge Bonding and Soldering” experimental project as an example, core problems are introduced through the creation of engineering case scenarios, theoretical understanding is reinforced by combining animations and mechanistic analysis, open-ended tasks are designed to stimulate group discussions, AI tools are employed to support scheme optimization, and knowledge transfer is facilitated through multidimensional summary and extension. Practice results show that under the PROS model, 90% of the student groups proposed feasible strain gauge layout schemes, and demonstrated significant improvements in engineering thinking and innovative abilities. The PROS model provides a systematic solution for materials experimental teaching reform, featuring the transferability and engineering application value.