Abstract: This study focuses on the frequent occurrence of safety accidents in university laboratories and the insufficient effectiveness of their management. By employing a combination of literature research, case analysis, field observations, and expert interviews, and based on theories of accident causation and behavioral science, an innovative four-dimensional optimization model comprising “system, personnel, technology, and culture” is proposed. Practice has shown that this model can reduce the incidence of accidents and shorten response times. However, the limitations of this model include a sample that is predominantly composed of universities in the western region, and the implementation of the technology must be adapted to the varying resource conditions of different institutions. By leveraging new technologies to enhance the intelligent management of laboratories, and by strengthening cooperation and international exchanges among universities, the level of laboratory safety management can be further improved, thereby supporting the efficient and safe development of teaching and research activities.