Abstract: Major national scientific research infrastructure and large-scale scientific instruments serve as fundamental platforms for exploring scientific frontiers, advancing technological innovation, and fostering new quality productive forces. Efficient open sharing constitutes an essential requirement and strategic imperative to fully unlock their functions and values. Given Germany’s outstanding performance in global scientific and technological innovation, this paper employs literature analysis and case investigation to systematically examine the operational mechanisms and shared governance models of research infrastructure and instruments in Germany. It Summarizes the shared management model for German research facilities and instruments, and highlight the importance of establishing access mechanisms, standard charging systems, scientific data storage, and standard shared management regulations for these resources. The conclusions can provide important references for optimizing the open sharing system of China’s research facilities and instruments and enhancing their overall service efficiency and support capacity.