Abstract: Large-scale instruments and equipment are key strategic resources for universities to conduct cutting-edge scientific research and cultivate top-notch innovative talents. A prevalent problem in large-scale instrument sharing management is “emphasizing usage while neglecting education.” This paper proposed an instrument sharing and education model based on the entire scientific research workflow. Taking the Institute of Crystal Materials at Shandong University as a case, this study centered on the research chain of crystal growth, processing, characterization, and device integration, used large-scale instruments throughout each stage as the carrier, and constructed a five-dimensional collaborative system covering resources, courses, teams, publicity, and services. Practice showed that this model significantly enhanced equipment sharing and educational effectiveness and achieved optimal resource allocation. It promoted deep integration between large-scale instrument research support and innovative talent cultivation. The model provides a practical path for universities, especially national key laboratories, to achieve efficient utilization of instrument resources and the “research-education” synergy in innovative talent cultivation.