Abstract: Potential risk analysis is an important basis for continuously improving the safety management level of engineering measurement laboratories. Given the characteristics of engineering measurement laboratory such as large flow of people, precision and precious equipment, special requirements for internal and external experimental environment, and strong management expertise, this paper puts forward a basic theory of 4M factors combined with the actual situation of Sichuan University. Analysis is conducted from the four factors of experimenter, equipment, environment, and management that cause potential risks, and 3E countermeasures (engineering technology, education, and enforcement) are summarized. After more than three years of practice, it has been proved that the use of this model to carry out potential risk investigation and management can not only effectively improve the safety factor of the laboratory, but also improve the quality of teaching and the overall quality of the experimenters.