Abstract: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of college students’ self-protection “knowledge-attitude-practice” in laboratory, this paper uses convenience sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on 259 students in colleges of Hunan Province. The scores of self-protection knowledge, learning attitudes and practices of college students are (16.80±3.24), (61.60±9.87) and (51.04±8.53) points, respectively. The results of single factor analysis show that college students' self-protection knowledge, attitude and practices are influenced by many factors, including hospital internship experience and major; gender, age, major and hospital internship experience; age, major, experiment frequency per semester, independently serving as the person in charge of the experiment or not, and hospital internship experience (P<0.05). The results of multivariate linear analysis show that college students’ self-protection attitude and practices are also influenced by gender, age; age, major and hospital internship experience (P<0.05). College students have a more active attitude towards self-protection in the laboratory, their self-protection practices are not satisfactory, and their knowledge reserve is urgently to be improved. Colleges should pay more attention to the training of safety knowledge related to laboratory management, and improve college students’ awareness of self-protection in the laboratory, so that college students could take complete self-protection practices, thereby ensuring laboratory safety in colleges.