Abstract: This paper creatively introduces the microstructure experiments based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to the course of building materials experiments. According to the differences in the professionalism and time required, a multi-level microstructure experiment model, including the basic type, verification type and exploratory type, has been set up, which allows students with various time, interests, ideas and abilities to participate in the microstructure experiments in different depths. The practice shows that microstructure experiments have enriched the curriculum system and increased students’ interest, thus enhancing the effectiveness of the course. By combining the microstructure and macro-performance, the experiments can facilitate students’ overall understanding of building materials, improve their comprehensive quality and scientific research ability. Besides, the experiments are conducive to the application of large-scale scientific research instruments in undergraduate teaching, and improve the use efficiency of large-scale instruments and the level of laboratory management.