Abstract: To promote the cultivation of comprehensive innovation and practice ability of college students, a project-guided case-based teaching scheme is designed based on the innovative experiment course of machine vision project development. By taking the project as leading factor and disassembling the content involved in the project, a knowledge map is made. Then, we summarize the relevant knowledge into several modules, and design multiple representative experiments for each module and use the case-based teaching method to promote students to learn the involved theoretical knowledge. Finally, the forward comprehensive training on project is conducted to promote students to figure, integrate and internalize knowledge effectively. The experience of course teaching reveals that the course design of innovation practice is reasonable and the project-guided case-based teaching can promote the practical ability and innovation ability of students effectively.