Abstract: To fully leverage the role of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the cultivation of innovative talents, a virtual simulation system was introduced into the open experimental course “Micro World under Scanning Electron Microscopy”, which solved the problems existing in the traditional open experimental teaching. The powerful functionality and interest of the virtual simulation system highlighted the central role of students and mobilized their enthusiasm. By navigating through the increasingly challenging teaching process of “independent learning−mastering knowledge−designing practical content−completing experimental inquiry”, students actively constructed relevant knowledge systems, stimulated their innovation awareness, and improved their scientific research innovation abilities. A multi-level experimental teaching mode of “irtualization first, Reality second, Supplementing reality with virtualization, and Combination of Virtualization and Reality” was formed which broadened and deepened the scope of open experimental teaching, and achieved excellent teaching practice results.