Abstract: The paper was conducted to broaden the knowledge scope of students majoring in materials science in the field of optoelectronics. Experimental teaching research was carried out for the course “Optoelectronic Devices and Technology,” with the aim of designing and conducting experiments that applied novel luminescent materials to the fabrication and performance testing of miniature spectrometers. By integrating interdisciplinary content from materials physics and optoelectronics into the experimental curriculum, students’ understanding, mastery, and flexible application of new materials were enhanced, while their practical and innovative abilities in fabricating optoelectronic devices were improved. The experimental results demonstrate that the spectral measurement range of miniature spectrometers can be effectively expanded through the adoption of novel conversion luminescent materials, while offering advantages such as compact size, high resolution, low cost, and broad applicability. Furthermore, teaching effectiveness is significantly improved by this experimental teaching design, enabling students majoring in materials physics to develop a deeper understanding of the development and application of novel luminescent materials in optoelectronic devices. This design provides valuable references for the construction of new engineering disciplines in universities and the cultivation of students’ innovative practical abilities.