Abstract: The Wheatstone bridge is one of the important components of university physics experiments. In response to the current demands for reform in practical physics experiment teaching, this research analyzes the principles of temperature and pressure measurement using the unbalanced Wheatstone bridge and modern sensor detection technology. It proposes an experimental teaching device for temperature and pressure testing based on the unbalanced Wheatstone bridge, which achieves precise temperature and pressure measurement and enhances the quality of experimental teaching. The experiment calibrated the linear equation between voltage and temperature as y = 0.7094x + 1.8223 (R² = 0.9998), with a relative error of less than 0.31% for sample temperature measurement. It also calibrated the linear equation between voltage and pressure as y = 21.742x − 6.7311 (R² = 0.9999), with a relative error of less than 1.00% for the measured pressure from the applied weights. The results show that this device integrates a high-precision temperature control system in temperature sensing experiments, enabling precise control and measurement within the range of 20–80 ℃. In pressure sensing experiments, it uses a full-bridge design to eliminate experimental errors caused by environmental factors such as temperature, achieving precise pressure measurement. This device can be applied in experimental teaching, providing a feasible solution for cultivating innovative, interdisciplinary, and application-oriented talents.