Abstract: In the intelligent digital era, the rapid development of earth observation technology and the continuous growth of geospatial big data have promoted theoretical innovation and industrial upgrading in geography. As a core course, Geospatial Data Science cultivates computational thinking and practical abilities of geography majors.With the deep integration of big data and artificial intelligence, traditional experiments suffer from single data dimension, incomplete skill training system and weak cross-disciplinary combination. Accordingly, this paper proposes a lightweight simulation experiment mode based on Internet of Things sensor matrix. A real-time multi-element geographic environment collection system covering light, temperature, humidity and wind is constructed, and the whole-process training from sensor terminal, cloud terminal to algorithm terminal is realized via the Arduino framework. This mode provides feasible schemes for practical teaching, supports digital transformation of geography education, and offers references for curriculum reform, so as to improve the cultivation quality of interdisciplinary innovative geography talents.