Abstract: As a critical analytical instrument for characterizing the microstructural morphology and compositional features of material, scanning electron microscope (SEM) exhibits significant technical advantages and broad applications. From the current pedagogical challenges and strategic improvements in SEM education, the root causes such as high operation cost, high technical threshold, inadequate practical training adaptability and inefficient shared-resource management are deeply analyzed, in order to provide insights for SEM teaching and operational training. Taking the SEM teaching and training program based on the microstructural analysis of 304 stainless steel as an example, through systematic and comprehensive content design, integrating fundamental theory with practical training, a multi-level SEM experimental teaching method that emphasizes demand-oriented approaches, enhanced guidance and active innovation is proposed. This approach will facilitate the large, expensive and precision instruments to serve university courses and research activities.