Abstract: In order to gain a deeper understanding of balance issues and modern control theory,a set of pendulum stability control and data visualization system was designed based on balance principles and microcontroller technology. Through force analysis, the influence of gravity and inertia forces on the pendulum is accurately calculated, and the compensation force is determined, providing a theoretical basis for control algorithms. Using advanced microcontroller technology and control algorithms, real-time reception and processing of sensor data, quickly calculating the required compensation force, and controlling the motor to apply appropriate torque to maintain the stability of the pendulum. The system visually displays the tilt angle and position data of the swing rod through an LCD screen, achieving real-time monitoring and data visualization of the status. Users can adjust control strategies in a timely manner. At the same time, a virtual oscilloscope is introduced to display the tilt angle data in the form of a curve, allowing users to observe the trend of tilt angle changes over time more intuitively and optimize the control algorithm parameters. This design improves system stability, response speed, and observability, providing improvement ideas for precise automatic control of the pendulum.