张泓筠, 孟波, 尹海峰. 基于自发熵增的静态物体系的超重失重分析与判断[J]. 实验科学与技术. DOI: 10.12179/1672-4550.20230320
引用本文: 张泓筠, 孟波, 尹海峰. 基于自发熵增的静态物体系的超重失重分析与判断[J]. 实验科学与技术. DOI: 10.12179/1672-4550.20230320
ZHANG Hongyun, MENG Bo, YING Haifeng. Analysis and Judgment for Overweight and Weightlessness of Object System in Static State Based on the Increase of Entropy[J]. Experiment Science and Technology. DOI: 10.12179/1672-4550.20230320
Citation: ZHANG Hongyun, MENG Bo, YING Haifeng. Analysis and Judgment for Overweight and Weightlessness of Object System in Static State Based on the Increase of Entropy[J]. Experiment Science and Technology. DOI: 10.12179/1672-4550.20230320

基于自发熵增的静态物体系的超重失重分析与判断

Analysis and Judgment for Overweight and Weightlessness of Object System in Static State Based on the Increase of Entropy

  • 摘要: 一个简单实验导出了有趣的物理现象,物体系外观“静止”状态下可产生超重和失重。实验设计了简易物体系(盛水容器+水+气球),浮体重量和浮体与水的相互作用力不等。借助浮力和水压变化引起气球或气体热力学状态改变,进而反过来引起浮力变化,导致物体系对支撑物(台秤)的压力改变,从而产生超重和失重现象。针对浮体上下运动,从非平衡态到平衡态的自发状态改变,将熵变拓展应用到宏观物体运动。孤立系统宏观熵变增加意味着状态变化的自发性,以及运动物体和水的相互作用力大小与运动物体本身重量大小不等,由此可判断超重和失重。同时,详细分析物体受力状态的变化对于如何分析复杂物体系状态变化和受力起到示范作用。

     

    Abstract: A simple experiment gives an interesting phenomenon of which an object system in static state can show overweight and weightlessness. Such a complicated object system is designed, including container, water, and balloon, of which the weight of the floating body is unequal to the interplay force between it and water. Because of the change in the thermodynamic state of the balloon results from change in the floating force and hydraulic pressure, then reversely causing change in buoyancy force, finally, the platform balance shows overweight and weightlessness compared with the total weight of the object system. The floating body spontaneously changes its movement in upright direction from the non–balance to balance states with the macro–entropy increasing, under of which we propose the concept of macro–entropy change because of work done by gravity, developing the idea of entropy change for the mechanical movement. What the increases in the macro–entropy change means the spontaneity of change in state, as well as the difference between the self–weight of the moving object and the interplay between it and water, by which we can judge the overweight and weightlessness. Furthermore, it can also make a demonstration on how to analyze the change in mechanical state and force.

     

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